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    • 专利摘要:
    In some embodiments, an apparatus (1165) and a system, as well as a method and an article of manufacture, may operate to determine a deformation value, such as equivalent plastic deformation, in a perforated portion of a well (210; 820) by applying a set of draw pressures to the surface of at least one tunnel (300; 810) of perforation in the perforated portion. The perforated portion, in turn, is modeled using stress components provided by a global field model (100) that includes the location of the well (210; 820) to set boundary conditions ( 600) at the surface of the well (210; 820). A well drilling process (210; 820) and a tunnel perforation process (300; 810) are modeled with removal of elements and addition of pressure for the perforated portion. An additional activity may include actuating a controlled device (1170) based on the amount of strain that is determined. Apparatus (1165), systems, and additional methods are disclosed.
    公开号:FR3035147A1
    申请号:FR1651792
    申请日:2016-03-03
    公开日:2016-10-21
    发明作者:Xinpu Shen；Guoyang Shen；William Standifird
    申请人:Landmark Graphics Corp；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] DECOMPRESSION APPARATUS, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS Background A good understanding of the structure and properties of geological formations can reduce the cost of drilling wells for oil and gas exploration. Measurements made in a borehole (i.e., downhole measurements) are typically made to achieve this understanding, in order to identify the composition and material distribution that surrounds the device. measurement downhole. For example, sand production can affect the ability to efficiently recover hydrocarbons. This phenomenon, sometimes known to those skilled in the art as "silting" 15, can reduce or prevent the flow of oil into a sand reservoir, and disrupt the proper functioning of oilfield production equipment. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 illustrates the construction of a three-dimensional (3D) global model of a field, according to various embodiments. Figure 2 illustrates the construction of a submodel of the field of Figure 1, including a well, in various embodiments. Figure 3 illustrates the formation of perforation tunnels, to determine the stress and strain distribution for the submodel of Figure 2, according to various embodiments. FIG. 4 is a presentation in light signals of equivalent plastic deformation, correlated with an estimated risk of sanding, according to various embodiments. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an exemplary global scale model, similar to the model of Fig. 1, according to various embodiments. Figure 6 illustrates some of the loads and boundary conditions on the overall model of Figure 5, according to various embodiments. FIG. 7 is a semicircular section of the submodel geometry, accounting for conditions in a portion of the field shown in FIG. 5, according to various embodiments. FIG. 8 is a close-up view of the sub-geometry. -model of Figure 7, including perforation tunnels, according to various embodiments. Figure 9 illustrates the phenomenon of double stress concentration surrounding the perforation tunnels shown in Figure 8, according to various embodiments. Fig. 10 is a close-up view of the equivalent plastic deformation distribution for a perforation tunnel shown in Fig. 8, according to various embodiments. Fig. 11 is a block diagram of a control, processing, and data acquisition system according to various embodiments. Fig. 12 is a flowchart illustrating methods of controlling, processing, and acquiring data, according to various embodiments. Fig. 13 shows an exemplary cable system according to various embodiments. Fig. 14 shows an exemplary drilling rig system according to various embodiments. 3035147 Detailed description Introduction to the solution In general, sand production occurs when the stresses in the formation exceed the mechanical resistance of the formation. Thus, sand production can be caused by material instability in poorly cemented and unconsolidated sand formations.
    [0002] When considered as a kind of material instability in the formation, plasticity can play a significant role in the sand production process. The term "deformation" as used herein may refer to plastic deformation, and more specifically, equivalent plastic deformation. Thus, the deformation, just like the to describe materials, and materials follow. Some constraints of Von Mises, can be used the result of forces applied to will be used to describe the formation properties in paragraphs that researchers have tried to use numerical computation to predict silting and erosion for lean formations . However, these existing methods for predicting what is known in the art as a critical decompression value (CVPDD), which is related to the onset of silting, fail to capture the dual-stress concentration phenomena that are present around the well and perforation tunnels. That is, two zones of stress concentration overlap each other at the region where the perforation tunnel intersects the well, and therefore, the accuracy of CVPDD values obtained at 3035147. the help of current processes is weak. In addition, the deformation in the formation caused by the perforation tunneling process is not distinguishable from the deformation in the formation caused by the decompression. Therefore, conclusions based on calculated strain values are imprecise. According to the documentation and engineering observations, the CVPDD depends on mechanical strength properties of the formation; the interstitial pressure of the formation, a tensor of geoconstraint, comprising both a mean stress and a stress deviator; grain size; the formation thickness and other geometrical parameters; as well as other factors. In addition, CVPDD depends on the completion form, such as open completion, or casing completion. The risk of sand production depends on the amount of plastic deformation equivalent at each point of material. If the plastic deformation occurs over a large area around the borehole for an open completion or around a perforation tunnel for a cased hole, then the silting potential is high. For a cased hole, due to the complexity of the stress distribution, the silting prediction computation can be done with a finite element method in 3D, as illustrated using a numerical geo-stressing solution. in the validation example in the next section. In order to better understand the plastic deformation generated in a well with perforation tunnels, it is useful to discuss details of the perforation process. A perforation tunnel is created by pulling a perforating gun into a well which contains fluid. The process of forming the perforation tunnel is somewhat complicated because it is a dynamic process: as the perforating gun fires a set of perforation bales, each bale pierces the casing to create a perforation tunnel. in the formation. The tunnel ends when the velocity of the piercing ball is reduced to zero. Due to the divergence of mechanical stiffness between the casing (eg, steel casing) and sand formation, at the interface between the casing and the sand, the tunnel diameter in the sand increases considerably. As the ball travels through the sand formation, the diameter of the perforation tunnel rapidly decreases to a normal value which is approximately the same as the diameter of the ball. During this process, the formation at the location of the perforation, and surrounding the perforation tunnel, is plastically compressed. This process, from the moment the bullet is fired until the completion of the formation of the perforation tunnel, is difficult to reproduce in detail with numerical modeling. However, for the purposes of this document, and to solve the problem (of determining a precise value of CVPDD, and therefore the risk of silting) it is not necessary to simulate the process in detail. Here, a precise representation of the stress field around the perforation tunnel can be developed to be entered into a sand analysis by ignoring the plastic deformation (compression) caused by the perforation, since there is no significant impact on the sequential activity of decompression. Therefore, two points can be used to provide a technical solution to this technical problem: 1) The stress concentration obtained using a numerical simulation of the perforation process is accurate, and can be used such that she ; 2) the value of the plastic deformation obtained by means of a basic numerical simulation of the perforation process is not precise; the amount of plastic deformation obtained in this way should be separated from the total value of plastic deformation which occurs during the decompression activity in order to obtain an accurate estimate of the risk of sanding. Thus, in most embodiments, a simplified numerical scheme is established to provide accurate three-dimensional CVPDD calculation for a well having casing completion in lean sand formations. The CVPDD is defined here as the decompression value at which a dangerous silting begins to occur. Thus, monitoring of the CVPDD, as well as control of various devices to adjust the monitored value of the CVPDD, are activities that can be used to increase hydrocarbon production, while reducing the risk of silting. The results of the calculations performed here (for example, the determination of the PEEQ, or equivalent plastic deformation, which is a strain intensity index used to calculate the plasticity) can be used to regulate the decompression, to avoid reaching a pressure that exceeds the CVPDD. Thus, in some embodiments, the determined PEEQ value can be used to regulate the decompression produced by a pump that is used to extract hydrocarbons from a formation. Various embodiments allow a determination of CVPDD which is more accurate than conventional solutions, resulting in higher yield in hydrocarbon recovery operations. The details of various embodiments will now be described. Fundamental Concepts In some embodiments, a scheme for determining CVPDD in a well with casing completion in lean sand formation involves simulating various activities that impact the magnitude and stress distribution around the well. and perforation tunnels. These activities include drilling the well with a given drilling mud weight, installing and cementing the casing; tunnel creation via perforation; and decompression. Several simplifications can be implemented to improve the speed of calculation, as well as the efficiency of the overall process.
    [0003] For example, well drilling can be modeled by removal of elements. That is, the portion of the formation removed by drilling can be represented using a finite element mesh that is removed from the body of the model. The sludge weight pressure can be applied to the borehole surface to maintain stability. In another example, the installation and cementing of the casing can be represented together by the introduction of a set of non-permeable displacement restrictions and boundary conditions on the borehole surface. In another example, the act of creating perforation tunnels can also be modeled by removing elements 303. In this case, the training part removed when the tunnel is formed can be represented by a finite element mesh that is removed from the body of the model. The fluid pressure present at the bottom of the hole (for example, oil and / or gas) can be applied to the tunnel surface to maintain stability. No dynamic process is simulated. In a final example, a single pair of perforation tunnels may be used for the submodel portion of the analysis. This simplification results from the discovery that the plastic region around a perforation tunnel does not bind to the plastic region of a neighboring tunnel when decompression is applied. Therefore, this simplification captures the porous elastoplastic mechanical behavior of the formation around puncturing tunnels, while reducing computational heaviness. It should be noted that the choice of the direction of the perforation tunnel in the model has an impact on the CVPDD value: the CVPDD obtained with a perforation tunnel having an axial direction aligned with the minimum horizontal stress Sh is less than CVPDD obtained with a perforation tunnel which is aligned with the maximum horizontal stress direction. In some embodiments, the minimum value is selected to implement a more conservative approach. In order to obtain a better precision and a better performance, a technique of under-modeling is adopted. This involves the determination of the initial field of geocontraint perforation and the well. Figure 1 illustrates the construction of a three-dimensional (3D) global model of a field 100, according to various embodiments. Figure 2 illustrates the construction of a submodel 200 of the field 100 of Figure 1, including a well 210, according to various embodiments. Figure 3 illustrates the formation of perforation tunnels 300 for determining the stress and strain distribution for the submodel 200 of Figure 2, according to various embodiments. FIG. 4 is a presentation in light signals 400 of the equivalent plastic deformation, correlated with an estimated risk of silting, according to various embodiments. Figures 1-4 combine to present a flow diagram of the proposed numerical scheme for predicting CVPDD values for lean three-dimensional sand formations. In Figure 1, the workflow for implementing the numerical scheme to determine the CVPDD for a well in lean sand formation begins.
    [0004] In a first activity, a 3D global model of the field 100 is constructed using any available finite element modeling tool. These are well known to those skilled in the art, and include the Abaqus / CAE software (hereinafter "Abaqus / CAE"), available from Dassault Systèmes of Waltham, MA, USA among others. The overall model of field 100 includes a determination of the initial geoconstraint distribution for field 100. Here, field displacement vectors have a zero value, and are normal to area 30 at the model boundaries. The scale of the field 100 is usually of the order of several kilometers. In Figure 2, a submodel 200 is constructed at the reservoir. The scale for sub-model 200 3035147 10 is of the order of several meters. Here, the stress component values for the region covered by the submodel 200 are extracted from the 3D numerical stress results obtained using the global model of the field 100. The center of the submodel 200 should be located approximately where perforation occurs, so that perforation tunnels (see tunnels 300 in Figure 3) are included. The constraint component and displacement vector values from the global model of the field 100 are applied as boundary conditions to the sub-model 200. In FIG. 3, some field activities are simulated, and a consolidation calculation Porous elastoplastic transient is performed using the finite element method (eg, Abaqus / CAE) to find the stress distribution and plastic strain at a given decompression. To simulate a well perforation process, the portion of the formation that would occupy the wellbore is removed. A drilling mud pressure is applied to the surface of the wellbore that appears after the withdrawal operation. To simulate punching activity in the formation, the portion of the formation that would occupy the tunnels that are formed by perforation is removed. Fluid pressure is applied to the tunnel surface that is created. The boundary conditions of interstitial pressure are also applied to the surface of the perforation tunnels. To apply a set of decompression values to the surface of the perforation tunnel, a transient consolidation (i.e., consolidation of the fluid pressure and pore pressure results) is performed using the coupled hydromechanical finite element method, such as Abaqus software.
    [0005] In Figure 4, the numerical solution provided by the finite element method is analyzed. A luminous signal representation 400 of the results is used herein to determine CVPDD values associated with various levels of silting hazard. This analysis will be discussed in more detail below. First, the equivalent plastic deformation value generated by each given value in a set of draw pressures is determined. In each case, this value is the amount of plastic strain increase equal to the amount of total plastic strain minus the plastic deformation generated when the tunnel is created by perforation. The plastic deformation value generated by decompression, p is compared to the specific critical value of equivalent plastic deformation -p ÈP> eC (CVPS). If C, then the decompression value C C is greater than the CVPDD. If, then the decompression value is lower than the CVPDD. The value of 25 CVPDD is the same as the decompression, so the -,) e = corresponding generated plastic strain%. "The critical value of equivalent plastic deformation -C is a material parameter with a value which depends on the grain size, mineral content, permeability, porosity, saturation, and lithologic history of 7.-JD this formation, among other factors.The value of u, can be calibrated using existing silting phenomena For example, (a) when silting occurs in the field, decompression can be measured, (b) kernel test results which show The existence of silting can be used, and / or (c) values can be assumed using experience gained from other similar field formations, in this way the equivalent plastic deformation value C r, can be determined, and uti to control operations in real time. Application Example The data used in the following example is provided solely to illustrate a possible application, and should not be taken in a limiting context. The data values are similar to what could be obtained in an offshore well environment. Figure 5 is a perspective view of an example of a global field scale model 500, similar to the 100 model. of Figure 1, according to various embodiments. Here, the overall model 500 is divided into four vertical forming layers: a first upper layer 510, a second upper layer 520, a third reservoir layer 530, and a fourth lower layer 540. The total depth 3035147 13 of the model 500 is 3 000 m, with a width of 5000 m, and a length of 5 000 m. The reservoir layer 530 has a thickness of about 50 m to 150 m. The lithology of the reservoir formation dates from the Middle Miocene. The center of the well perforation section is located at a true vertical depth of 4,100 m, with an environment of 1,500 m water depth. This true vertical depth value corresponds to a location of 2600 m from the top 10 of the model. The global model 500 has been simplified to include only four kinds of materials, corresponding to the four layers 510, 520, 530, 540. The corresponding material parameters are listed in Table I.
    [0006] Layer p / kg / m3 E / GPa v Higher and 2,150 formations 1.9 to 6 0.2 to 0.3 surrounding (i.e., layers 1 and 2) Formation 2,300 6 0.25 at 0.3 lower (ie layer 4) Reservoir (ie 2,100 1 to 5 0,26 to 0,28 say layer 3) water An average relationship depending on the stress was adopted for the Young's modulus values, as well as for the Poisson's ratio. Therefore, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio values are characterized by ranges rather than a specific value. The values of each increase as depth increases. An elastoplastic model, which is well known to those skilled in the art, is used for reservoir formation (layer 3), and an elastic model is used for formations other than the reservoir (layers 1, 2, and 4) . The criterion of elastic deformation of MohrCoulomb is adopted for the calculation. Values of mechanical strength parameters for reservoir formation, including internal friction angle and cohesive force, are shown in Table II. Depth Force Angle of vertical friction (degrees) cohesion (MPa) actual (m) 4 100 28 2.2 water 15 The field-level analysis provided by Global Model 500 provides a set of specific boundary conditions that can be applied to a submodel for the well local section that includes perforation tunnels. To simplify calculations without loss of accuracy, it is assumed that only the portion of the reservoir formation is permeable. Therefore, a coupled deformation and porous flow analysis is performed only in the region covered by the model 500 (for example, over a range of kilometers).
    [0007] Other parts of the overall model 500 are assumed to be non-permeable. Figure 6 illustrates some of the charges and boundary conditions 600 on the overall model of Figure 5, according to various embodiments. Here, the initial interstitial pressure in the reservoir formation is assumed to be about 42 MPa. As shown in FIG. 6, the field scale model loads and boundary conditions include: seawater pressure; and the self-gravity of formations, balanced by the initial geoconstraint. Null movement restrictions are applied to all four sides and the underside of the model. The well is not part of the overall model at the field scale. By neglecting the details of the computational process for the overall model, which are well known to those skilled in the art, the geo-stressing solution obtained with the overall model at the location of the center of the well where it occurs in the reservoir (actual depth = 4,100 m) is given in the with interstitial pressure values. comprise the maximum horizontal stress SH 20 and the vertical stress SV. These stress component values are given in terms of total stress. Depth SH SH SV Vertical pressure (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) real interstitial (m) (MPa) 4 100 54.3 55.9 57.5 42 water 25 Figure 7 is a semi-circular section of the geometry of submodel 700, reporting conditions in a portion of the field shown in Fig. 5, according to various embodiments. Here, a vertical perforation table III, These minimum Sh horizontal stress solutions, the 3D sub-model 3035147 16 was built to calculate the CVPDD, including the details of perforation tunnels (which are not visible in this figure , but see Figure 8 for more detail). In order to reduce computational heaviness, and to increase accuracy, the symmetrical nature of the problem makes it possible to adopt a semi-circular section of the submodel geometry 700, rather than a total circular cut. Figure 8 is a close-up view 800 of the submodel geometry of Figure 7, including perforation tunnels 810, according to various embodiments. In this figure, we can see two perforation tunnels 810 located in the center of the plane of symmetry. The geometries of the well 820 and the perforation tunnels 810 are discretized by the mesh shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. A finer mesh has been adopted for the zone near the tunnels 810 and the well 820. The thickness of the The section represented by the submodel is about 0.13 m (about 5 inches), and the outer diameter is 6 m. The diameter of the well 820 is about 0.37 m (about 14.5 inches). The diameter of the perforation tunnels is about 0.013 m (about 0.5 inches), with a length of about 0.25 m (about 10 inches). Those portions of the formation that are removed by drilling and puncturing (i.e., the rock in the well location 820, and the rock in the location of the perforation tunnels 810) can remain in the pattern to determine initial geoconstraint balancing with various loads. Then, these portions are removed to simulate the drilling and puncturing activities, and a removal of elements is applied in the calculations. Therefore, a double stress concentration around the perforation tunnel is formed. In the submodel, only two 810 perforation tunnels are included. This simplification is made on the basis of the main results of the analysis, where it is determined that the plastic region around a perforation tunnel 810 does not bind to the plastic region of a nearby tunnel 810 during the process. decompression. Therefore, this simplification captures the porous elastoplastic mechanical behavior of the formation around the perforation tunnels with a decrease in computation heaviness. It is noted here that for the case of a vertical well or a horizontal well, a quarter of the circular pattern (see Figure 10) can also be used instead of the semicircular model. The symmetry of the stress field satisfies the conditions for this simplification. Thus, at least one perforation tunnel is modeled. However, it may be easier to use a semicircular model, with two tunnels 810, since it provides a better visualization of the digital solution, and is easier to evaluate. This is often the case for an inclined well section, where a semicircular model can improve the accuracy of the solution. The load in the submodel includes the overload pressure applied to the upper surface of the submodel, and the pressure load on the tunnel surface during decompression. The overpressure pressure value applied to the top surface of the model is 57.5 MPa, which is equal to the vertical stress value SV. Decompression is simulated by varying the interstitial pressure boundary condition at the surface of the perforation tunnel with a variation in the pressure applied to the tunnel surface as tensile pressure. Displacement restrictions on all surfaces except the inner well surface and perforation tunnel surfaces are derived from the numerical results of the overall field scale model, shown in Fig. 5. On the surface From the well, movement restrictions were applied to simulate the rigidity of the casing and cementation during decompression. A set of pressures for a draw off activity is applied to the surface of the perforation tunnel (s), subsequently corresponding to various decompression values. This application sets the condition at the interstitial pressure limits on the surface of the perforation tunnel (s). Gravity load and initial stress are applied to the entire submodel.
    [0008] To determine the plastic deformation on the submodel with a given decompression, the set of data values in Table I, Table II, and Table III are applied to the submodel of Figures 7 and 8 at 3D porous elastoplastic calculations using the Abaqus / CAE software. Figure 9 illustrates the double-stress concentration phenomenon surrounding the perforation tunnels 810 shown in Figure 8, according to various embodiments. Here, the decompression is set at a value of 3 MPa. A first stress concentration occurs around the well 820 due to drilling, and a second stress concentration occurs in the area where the perforation tunnels penetrate through the borehole stress concentration zone. This double stress concentration results in the stress value in the area near the tunnel penetration point being significantly higher than the stress value away from the point of penetration, such as the well surface. "C, Mises" in Figure 9 means the constraint of Von Mises, which is a stress intensity index used for the calculation of plasticity.
    [0009] Fig. 10 is a close-up view of the equivalent plastic deformation distribution for a perforation tunnel 810 shown in Fig. 8, according to various embodiments. Here we can see a 1000 distribution of the total equivalent plastic deformation due to the application of decompression, as well as to the impact of drilling perforation. The term Peeq means equivalent plastic deformation, which is a deformation intensity index used in the calculation of plasticity. Because of the stress concentration around the well 820, the outline of the total Peeq operates over a range that is much larger than the diameter of the well. In addition, the value of Peeq in the near-tunnel section 1000 of the tunnel 810 is much larger than at a location 1010 remote from the exit 1000. This phenomenon can also be explained by the presence of the double concentration. constraint. In Table IV below, the Peeq values are shown with corresponding decompression values. The critical value of the equivalent plastic deformation (CVPS) is given here at 0.03, or 3%. In some embodiments, a light signal system is introduced. Thus, when the decompression value is lower than CVPS, the corresponding array entries may be green in color, so that operations can continue as is. When the decompression is greater than the CVPS, but the difference is less than 1%, these 5 array entries may be yellow - which may be interpreted as an area where a decrease in decompression might be useful. And for decompression values where the plastic deformation value is greater than 1% above the CVPS, the array entries may be red in color, which may mean that the decompression should be reduced immediately. PP (MPa) PDD (MPa) Peeq (%) Total Peeq Pee q CVPS (%) 42 0 0 (green) 0.07138 0 3 41 1 2,412 (green) 0,095 0,02412 40 2 2,788 (green) 0,09926 0.02788 39 3 3,212 (yellow) 0,1035 0,03212 38 4 3,692 (yellow) 0,1083 0,03692 37 5 4,242 (red) 0,1138 0,04242 36 6 4,852 (red) 0,1199 0, In this example, the CVPDD is 2 MPa. Decompression that is less than 2 MPa should be free of silting hazard. For draw pressures that are greater than the CVPDD, but where plastic deformation is less than 1% above CVPS, silting should be controllable. Related sand protection measures such as placement of safety nets could be suggested. For draw off pressures greater than the CVPDD, where the amount of plastic deformation resulting is greater than 1% above CVPS, decompression may be too important for a cost-effective operation. These as well as other CVPS values, warning exercises, and interpretations can be used, some providing useful financial benefits. Thus, additional embodiments can be realized. Logging System Figure 11 is a flow chart of a control, processing, and data acquisition system 1100 according to various embodiments. Here, it can be seen that the system 1100 may further comprise one or more sensor elements ELE1, ELE2,... ELEn possibly coupled to transmitters and data receivers (transmitters and receivers, respectively) within the scope of FIG. A measuring device 1104. When configured in this manner, the logging system 1100 can receive measurements and other data (e.g., decompression and localization information) from ELE1 sensor elements, ELE2, _ ELEn. The device 1104 may be located on the earth's surface, or downhole, possibly attached to a housing 1110. The processing unit 1102 may couple to the measuring device 1104 to obtain measurements of the measuring device 1104. , and its components, as described above here. In some embodiments, a logging system 1100 includes a housing that is attached to or contains the device 1104, and other elements. The housing 1110 may take the form of a rope tool body, or a downhole tool as will be described in more detail below with reference to Figs. 13 and 14. The treatment unit 1102 may be part of a surface workstation or attached to a downhole tool box. In some embodiments, the processing unit 1102 is encapsulated in the housing 1110.
    [0010] The logging system 1100 may include a control unit 1125, other electronic devices 1165, and a communications unit 1140. The control unit 1125 and the processing unit 1102 may be fabricated to operate the control device 1125. 1104 to acquire measurement data, such as signals representing sensor measurements. The control unit 1125 can operate to control a controlled device 1170, either directly or with instructions from the processing unit 1102. The controlled device can take the form of a pump in certain modes. embodiment, to directly control the decompression. In some embodiments, the controlled device 1170 may take the form of an alarm, to be activated in response to the activity of a MONITOR monitoring element which is used to observe draw pressures and compare them to the CVPS. , or values derived from the CVPS.
    [0011] Electronics 1165 (e.g., electromagnetic sensors, current sensors) may be used in conjunction with the control unit 1125 to perform the tasks associated with downhole measurement. The communications unit 1140 may include downhole communications in a drilling operation. These downhole communications may include a telemetry system. The logging system 1100 may also include a bus 1127 for providing common electrical signal paths between the components of the logging system 1100. The bus 1127 may include an address bus, a data bus, and a control bus. , each being independently configured. The bus 1127 may also use common conductive lines for providing one or more of an address, data, or command, the use of which may be controlled by the control unit 1125. The bus 1127 may include an instrumentality for a communication network. The bus 1127 can be configured so that the components of the logging system 1100 are distributed. This distribution may be arranged between downhole components such as measuring device 1104 and components that may be disposed on the surface of a well. Alternatively, more than one of these components may be collocated, such as on one or more drill collars of a drill string or on a cable structure. In various embodiments, the logging system 1100 includes peripheral devices that may include displays 1155, an additional storage memory, or other control devices that may operate in conjunction with the control unit 1125 or the processing unit 1102. The display 1155 can display diagnostic and measurement information, based on the signals generated according to the embodiments described above. In one embodiment, the control unit 1125 may be fabricated to have one or more processors. The display 1155 may be manufactured or programmed to operate with instructions stored in the processing unit 1102 (eg, in the memory 1106) to implement a user interface for managing the operation of the system 1100, as well as This type of user interface may be operated in conjunction with the communications unit 1140 and the bus 1127. Various components of the logging system 1100 may be integrated with the sensor elements ELE1, ELE2, ... ELEn and the case 1110, so that the treatment is the same as or similar to the aforementioned methods, and those which follow, with respect to various embodiments which are described herein.
    [0012] Methods In various embodiments, a non-transitory machine readable storage device may include instructions stored thereon which, when made by a machine, cause the machine to become a particular custom machine, which performs operations comprising one or more characteristics similar or identical to those described with respect to the methods and techniques described herein. A machine readable storage device is here a physical device that stores information (eg instructions, data), which when stored, modifies the physical structure of the device. Examples of machine-readable storage devices may include, but are not limited to, memory 306 in the form of read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage device, storage device optical, flash memory, or other electronic, magnetic, or optical memory devices, including combinations thereof. One or more processors such as, for example, the processing unit 1102 can act on the physical structure of stored instructions. Acting on these physical structures can cause the machine to become a specialized machine that performs operations according to methods described herein. The instructions may include instructions that cause the processing unit 1102 to store associated data or other data in the memory 1106. The memory 1106 may store the results of tubing / column and training parameter measurements to include gain parameters, calibration constants, identification data, sensor location information, etc. The memory 1106 may store a log of the measurement and location information provided by the measurement device 1104. The memory 1106 may therefore include a database, for example a relational database. Fig. 12 is a flowchart illustrating methods of controlling, processing, and acquiring data 1211, according to various embodiments. The methods 1211 described herein refer to the apparatus and systems shown in FIGS. 1 to 11. Thus, in some embodiments, a method 1211 includes determining a deformation in a perforated portion of a well at block 1237, according to a series of activities, comprising an overall modeling of a field which includes the location of wells (for example, blocks 1225 and 1227), and local modeling of the perforated portion, with boundary conditions set by the global model, and local drilling and local perforation modeled using simplification assumptions (for example, blocks 1231 and 1233). Many variations can be made.
    [0013] For example, in some embodiments, a method 1211 starts at block 1221 with data acquisition to support a modeling effort. These data can be acquired in the field, or from simulations. For example, in some embodiments, the equivalent plastic deformation associated with sufficient decompression to cause sanding can be determined in many ways. Thus, activity at block 1221 may include determining the equivalent plastic deformation associated with sufficient decompression to result in silting using one of data associated with actual silting that occurs in the field, or results test of the kernel specific to sanding, and / or a value assumed to be based on experience in other locations. The stress components in the global field can be determined by modeling the global field, which includes the well. Thus, in some embodiments, the method 1211 includes modeling the global field with the global field model at block 1225, and computing a geoconstraint distribution in the global field to generate the constraint components at block 1229. .
    [0014] The process 1221 may proceed to block 1231 to include the setting of boundary conditions at the well surface near the site of perforation activity, using the results of the overall modeling. For example, perforation tunnel surface boundary conditions may include interstitial pressure. Thus, the pressure addition simulation for one or more perforation tunnels may include the use of interstitial pressure to set a boundary condition at the tunnel surface. The well drilling process and tunnel punching process can be modeled, in part, by removing associated training elements that no longer exist when processes are completed. In the overall model, no detail exists on the wellbore and the perforation tunnels. On the contrary, the global model accounts for the details of the included trainings. As noted above, a submodel is used to report details of the well and puncture tunnels. The submodel is thus used to simulate the drilling process and the tunnel perforation process by removing formation elements occupying the respective locations of the well and the perforation tunnel. Following the two simulated operations, the double stress concentrations appear in the numerical solution of stress contours. Thus, in some embodiments, the method 1211 proceeds to block 1233 to include the simulation, with a submodel, of the well drilling process by removing formation elements occupying the well location; and simulating, with the sub-model, the tunnel perforation process by removing formation elements that occupy a location of the at least one perforation tunnel. Once the well and puncture tunnel elements are removed, appropriate pressure can be added to the surfaces involved in the well and the puncturing tunnel (s). Thus, the activity in block 1233 may include, first, the simulation of adding pressure to the well using a sludge weight applied to the well surface, and secondly, the simulation of adding pressure to the at least one perforation tunnel using hydrocarbon fluid pressure applied to a tunnel surface. The fluid pressure and the interstitial pressure can be consolidated. Thus, when the set of draw pressures is applied to the surface of the puncturing tunnel (s), the activity at block 1233 may include calculating a transient consolidation of fluid pressure and pressure distribution. 20 interstitial in a submodel associated with the global field model. The process 1211 may proceed to block 1237 to include determining a deformation value in a perforated portion of a well by applying a set of draw pressures to a surface of at least one perforation tunnel in the perforated portion, wherein the perforated portion was modeled using stress components provided by an overall field model that includes a well location to set boundary conditions at a well surface. As part of this activity, the well drilling process and tunnel punching process were modeled with element removal and addition of pressure for the perforated portion. The deformation determined by the block method 1237 may include equivalent plastic deformation. Porous elastoplastic calculations using a variety of parameters can be used to determine strain values at a particular depth. Thus, the activity of determining block deformation 1237 may include performing porous elastoplastic calculations using material parameters associated with the overall field model, mechanical strength parameters of a reservoir formation in the field. global field model, and interstitial pressure in the perforated section of the well.
    [0015] The displacement restrictions derived from the overall model can be applied to a variety of surfaces, but not to the well or perforation tunnel surfaces. Thus, in some embodiments, as part of the activity in block 1237, the displacement restrictions derived from the overall model are not applied to the well surface and the surface of the perforation tunnel. The stress components may comprise a variety of elements, including a range of stresses, such as a range of horizontal stresses and / or a range of vertical stresses (for example, a minimum and maximum horizontal stress Sh, SH and a vertical stress SV). As part of the process activities, the incremental deformation values associated with sanding can be determined. Thus, a certain portion of the activities at block 1237 may include determining an incremental plastic strain equal to the total plastic strain minus the plastic deformation generated when the perforation tunnel is formed. In some embodiments, the method 1211 may continue to block 1239 to include operating a controlled device based on the amount of distortion. For example, the deformation value determined by some operations may be used to control hydrocarbon extraction. Thus, in embodiments, operation of the control at block 1239 includes controlling a pump to adjust the strain value. The strain values determined at block 1237 can be published for visualization, possibly in the form of 2D or 3D graphs. Thus, in some embodiments, the operation of the device controlled at block 1239 includes the publication of the deformation value or values in human readable form.
    [0016] The determined deformation can be compared to a deformation value associated with sanding conditions, which can be the total amount of plastic deformation minus the plastic deformation generated during perforation of the tunnel. Thus, in some embodiments, the operation of the device controlled at block 1239 includes the comparison of deformation as equivalent plastic deformation generated by the withdrawal pressures to equivalent plastic deformation associated with sufficient decompression to result in silting. An alarm can be triggered if the decompression becomes too high. Thus, in some embodiments, operation of the block controlled device 1239 includes triggering an audible or visual alarm to indicate that the equivalent plastic deformation generated by the draw pressures is greater than a threshold value related to equivalent plastic deformation associated with sufficient decompression to result in silting. Many other embodiments can be made. It should be noted that the methods described herein need not be performed in the order described, or in any particular order. In addition, various described activities with respect to the methods identified herein may be performed iteratively, serially, or in parallel. Information, including parameters, instructions, operands, and other data, may be sent and received as one or more carrier waves. When reading and understanding the content of this presentation. Those skilled in the art will understand how a computer program can be started from a computer readable medium in a computer system to perform the functions defined in the computer program, to achieve the methods described herein. Those skilled in the art will further understand the various programming languages that may be employed to create one or more computer programs designed to implement and perform the methods described herein. For example, programs can be structured in an object-oriented format using an object-oriented language such as Java or C #. In another example, the programs may be structured in a procedure-oriented format using a procedural language, such as an assembly language or C. The software components may communicate with one another. Any of a number of mechanisms well known to those skilled in the art, such as application program interfaces or inter-process communication techniques, including remote procedure calls. The teachings of the various embodiments are not limited to a particular programming language or environment. Thus, other embodiments can be realized.
    [0017] Systems For example, Figure 13 shows an example of a cable system 1364, according to various embodiments. Fig. 14 shows an exemplary rig system 1464, according to various embodiments. Either of the systems of FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 is operative to control a system 1100, or any combination of its components (see FIG. 11), possibly mounted on a 1370 cable logging body. , or a downhole tool 1424; to conduct measurement operations in a well, to determine deformation conditions, and to control devices in the course of hydrocarbon exploration and recovery operations. Thus, the systems 1364, 1464 may include portions of a 1370 wire log tool body as part of a wire logging operation, or a downhole tool 1424 (for example, a drilling operations tool) as part of a downhole drilling operation.
    [0018] Turning now to Figure 13, a well may be seen during cable logging operations. In this case, a 1386 drilling rig is equipped with a 1388 drilling rig that supports a 1390 hoist.
    [0019] Drilling of oil and gas wells is commonly done by means of a drill string connected together to form a drill string which is lowered through a rotary table. 1310 in a well. Also referred to as borehole 1312. Here, it is assumed that the drill string has been temporarily removed from the borehole 1312 to allow a 1370 cable logging tool body, such as a probe, to be lowered by cable or cable. Logging tool body 1370 is typically lowered to the bottom of the region of interest and then raised to a substantially constant velocity. During the ascent run, at a series of depths, the instruments (e.g., the measuring device 1104 shown in FIG. 11) included in the tool body 1370 can be used to perform measurements on the geological formations of the instrument. subsurface adjacent to borehole 1312 (and tool body 1370). The measurement data may be communicated to a surface logging facility 1392 for storage, processing, and analysis. The logging facility 1392 may be provided with electronic equipment for various types of signal processing, which may be implemented by one or more of the system components 11 shown in FIG. 11. Similar training evaluation data. may be collected and analyzed during drilling operations (for example, during logging operations while drilling, and by extension, sampling while drilling). In some embodiments, the tool body 1370 includes one or more metering systems for obtaining and communicating measurements in a subterranean formation through a borehole 1312. The tool is suspended in the well by a 1374 which connects the tool to a surface control unit (for example, including a workstation 1354, which may also include a display). The tool may be deployed in borehole 1312 on a spiral tube, an articulated drill pipe, a wired drill pipe, or any other suitable deployment technique.
    [0020] Turning now to FIG. 14, it can be seen how a system 1464 can also form a portion of a rig 1402 located at the surface 1404 of a well 1406. The rig 1402 can provide support for a drill string 1408.
    [0021] The drill string 1408 may operate to penetrate the rotary table 1310 to drill the borehole 1312 through the subsurface formations 1314. The drill string 1408 may include a drive rod 1416, a drill rod 1418, and a downhole assembly 1420, optionally located at the lower portion of the drill rod 1418. The downhole assembly 1420 may include drill collars 1422, a downhole tool 1426, and a bit 1426. The bit 1426 is operable to create the borehole 1312 by penetrating the surface 1404 and subsurface 1414 formations. The downhole tool 1424 may include any one of the a number of different types of tools including measurement tools being drilled, logging tools being drilled, as well as others. During drilling operations, the bit 1408 (possibly including the drive rod 1416, the drill rod 1418, and the downhole assembly 1420) can be rotated by the rotation table 1310. that it is not shown, additionally or alternatively, the downhole assembly 1420 may also be rotated by a motor (eg, a slurry motor) which is located downhole. The drill collars 1422 can be used to add weight to the bit 1426. The drill collars 1422 can also operate to stiffen the downhole assembly 1420, allowing the downhole assembly 1420 to transfer the weight. added to the bit 1426, and then to help the bit 1426 penetrate the surface 1404 and subsurface 1314 formations.
    [0022] During drilling operations, a slurry pump 1432 can pump drilling fluid (sometimes known to those skilled in the art as "drilling mud") from a sludge tank 1434 through a slurry tank. flexible tube 1436 into drill rod 1418 and 20 along drill bit 1426. Drilling fluid may flow out of drill bit 1426 and be returned to surface 1404 by an annular zone 1440 between drill pipe 1418 and 1312. The drilling fluid can then be returned to sludge tank 1434, where this fluid is filtered. In some embodiments, the drilling fluid may be used to cool bit 1426, as well as to lubricate bit 1426 during drilling operations. In addition, the drilling fluid can be used to remove subsurface forming cutouts created by operating the bit 1426. Thus, it can be seen that in some embodiments, the systems 1364, 1464 may comprise a mass. rod 1422, a downhole tool 1424, and / or a cable logging tool body 1370 for housing one or more systems 1100, or system components 1100, similar or identical to those described herein. -above. Thus, for purposes of this document, the term "housing" may include any one or more of a drill collar 1422, a downhole tool 1424, or a logging tool body. 1370 (all having an outer wall, for enclosing or attaching to magnetometers, sensors, fluid sampling devices, pressure measuring devices, transmitters, receivers, an optical fiber cable, acquisition and processing logic, and data acquisition systems). The tool 1424 may include a downhole tool, such as a logging tool while drilling or a measuring tool while drilling. The cable logging tool body 1370 may comprise a cable logging tool, including a probe, for example coupled to a logging cable 1374. Numerous embodiments may thus be provided. Any of the above components, including those of systems 1100, 1364, 1464 can all be characterized as "modules" herein. These modules may comprise hardware circuitry, and / or processor and / or memory circuits, software program modules and objects, and / or firmware, and combinations thereof, as desired by the architect of the invention. apparatus and systems described herein, and as appropriate for particular implementations of various embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, these modules may be included in a device and / or system operation simulation package, such as a software electrical signal simulation package, a simulation software package, and distribution and use of electricity, a heat / power dissipation simulation package, a measured radiation simulation package, a deformation simulation package, and / or a combination of software and hardware used to simulate the operation of various potential embodiments. It is also to be understood that the apparatus and systems of various embodiments may be used in applications other than for logging operations, and thus the various embodiments are not limited thereto. The illustrations of the apparatus and systems are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments, and are not intended to serve as a complete description of all the features and features of the apparatus and systems that could utilize the structures. described here. Applications that may include the new apparatus and systems of the various embodiments include electronic circuitry used in high speed computers, signal processing and communications circuitry, modems, processor modules, processors, and the like. integrated, data switches, and application-specific modules. Thus, many other embodiments can be realized. For example, referring now to FIGS. 1 to 14, it can be seen that in some embodiments, a system 1100 may include an ELE1 sensor for making measurements in a perforated portion of a well, 1102 for DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In some embodiments, the method comprises at least one ELE1, ELE2, decompression sensor and a unit for determining the extent of silting. an 1100 ELEn system configured to provide decompression measurements in a perforated portion of a well; and a processing unit 1102 coupled to the at least one sensor ELE1, ELE2, ELEn for receiving the decompression measurements, the processing unit 1102 being configured to determine the deformation in the perforated portion by applying the decompression measurements to a surface of at least one perforation tunnel in the perforated portion, wherein the perforated portion has been modeled using stress components provided by a global field model of the geological formation which includes a well location for setting boundary conditions at a well surface, and in which a well drilling process and a tunnel perforation process have been modeled with removal of elements and addition of pressure for the perforated portion. The system 1100 may include a pump. Thus, in some embodiments, the system 1100 comprises a controlled device 1170, possibly in the form of a pump which is controlled to operate in response to the deformation determined by the processing unit 1102, to control a rate extraction of hydrocarbons from the geological formation. The system may include an alarm. Thus, in some embodiments, a system 1100 includes an alarm, possibly operating as a controlled device 1170, for indicating values of the deformation above a selected threshold. A monitor can operate to monitor the risk of silting, and possibly indicate transitions between ranges of strain values in the form of light signals. Thus, some embodiments of the system 1100 include a MONITOR monitor for indicating transitions between selected ranges of the deformation (e.g., between a green, yellow, and red state described with respect to a display of light signals higher in In summary, the use of the apparatus, systems, and methods disclosed herein can provide an overall model at the field scale, and a submodel for calculating a geoconstraint in the vicinity of a field. In this way, a local constraint related to the geostructure, such as a syncline or an anticlinal, can be taken into account to improve the accuracy of geo-stressing solutions.
    [0023] Various embodiments also function to apply a sequential simulation of the drilling process and the perforation process, with boundary conditions applied to the surfaces created by these processes. In this way, the phenomena of double stress concentration around the perforation tunnels can be captured. These stress fields are used as the basis for calculating the CVPDD so as to obtain more precise constraint field solutions.
    [0024] The submodel used in some embodiments may operate to simulate the stress applied to one or two perforation tunnels. This simplification significantly improves the operational efficiency of the computing computer 3035147. Finally, this solution to the technical problem of accurately determining the CVPDD for a particular well is useful for designing completion forms in wells surrounded by lean sand formations, since the level of risk of silting often determines the choice. sand protection devices. Production can also be improved, since an optimized decompression value can increase production, and possibly reduce the damage caused by silting on the production rod system. These benefits can significantly enhance the value of the services provided by a mining / exploration company, helping to reduce time-related costs, and providing a greater return on investment. Many other embodiments can be made. Some will now be listed as non-limiting examples.
    [0025] In some embodiments, a method includes determining one or more deformation values in a perforated portion of a well by applying a set of draw pressures to the surface of at least one perforation tunnel in the well. perforated portion. The perforated portion is modeled using stress components provided by a global field model that includes a well location to set boundary conditions at a well surface. The well drilling process and the well perforation process were modeled with removal of elements and addition of pressure for the perforated portion. In some embodiments, displacement restrictions derived from the overall model are not applied to the well surface and the surface of the perforation tunnel. In some embodiments, the stress components include a range of horizontal stress and vertical stress. In some embodiments, the method includes operating a controlled device based on the amount of distortion. In some embodiments, the deformation comprises equivalent plastic deformation. In some embodiments, the actuation of the controlled device further includes controlling a pump to adjust the amount of deformation. In some embodiments, the actuation of the controlled device comprises the publication of the deformation value in human readable form. In some embodiments, the method includes modeling the global field with the global field model, and computing a geoconstraint distribution in the global field to generate the constraint components. In some embodiments, the method includes simulating, with a submodel, the well drilling process by removing formation members occupying the well location; and simulating, with the sub-model, the tunnel perforation process, removing formation elements that occupy a location of the at least one perforation tunnel.
    [0026] In some embodiments, the method includes the simulation of adding pressure to the well using sludge weight applied to the well surface; and then simulating adding pressure to the at least one perforation tunnel using hydrocarbon fluid pressure applied to a tunnel surface. In some embodiments, the simulation of adding pressure to the at least one perforation tunnel further includes the use of interstitial pressure to set a boundary condition at the tunnel surface. In some embodiments, the application of the set of draw pressures to the surface of at least one perforation tunnel further comprises calculating a transient consolidation of fluid pressure and pore pressure distribution in a sub-model associated with the global field model. In some embodiments, the actuation of the controlled device further comprises comparing the deformation as the equivalent plastic deformation generated by the draw pressures to equivalent plastic deformation associated with decompression sufficient to cause sanding.
    [0027] In some embodiments, the actuation of the controlled device further comprises triggering an audible or visual alarm to indicate that the equivalent plastic deformation generated by the draw pressures is greater than a threshold value related to plastic deformation. equivalent associated with decompression sufficient to cause silting. In some embodiments, the equivalent plastic deformation associated with decompression sufficient to cause sanding is determined by one of the data associated with actual silting that occurs in the field, by specific kernel test results. to silting, or by a value 3035147 43 assumed to be based on experience in other locations. In some embodiments, the deformation determination further comprises performing porous elastoplastic calculations using material parameters associated with the overall field model, strength parameters of reservoir formation in the model. of global field, and interstitial pressure in the perforated section of the well.
    [0028] In some embodiments, the deformation determination further comprises determining an incremental plastic strain equal to a total plastic strain minus the plastic deformation generated when the perforation tunnel is formed. In some embodiments, a system includes at least one sensor configured to provide decompression measurements in a perforated portion of a well; and a processing unit coupled to the at least one sensor for receiving the decompression measurements, the processing unit being configured to determine the deformation in the perforated portion by applying the decompression measurements to a surface of at least one perforation tunnel in the perforated portion, wherein the perforated portion has been modeled using stress components provided by a global geological field pattern that includes a well location to set boundary conditions at a well surface, and wherein a well drilling process and a tunnel perforation process were modeled with removal of elements and addition of pressure for the perforated portion.
    [0029] In some embodiments, a system includes one or more pumps controlled to operate in response to the deformation determined by the processing unit, to control a rate of hydrocarbon extraction from the geologic formation. In some embodiments, a system includes one or more alarms for indicating deformation values above a selected threshold. Thus, in some embodiments, a system includes one or more monitors for indicating transitions between selected ranges of the deformation. The accompanying drawings which form part of this document show by way of illustration, and not limitation, specific embodiments in which the subject may be put into practice. The illustrated embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the teachings disclosed herein. Other embodiments may be used and derived therefrom so that structural and logical substitutions and changes can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this detailed description should not be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the various embodiments is defined solely by the appended claims, with the full range of equivalents that these claims allow. These embodiments of the subject of the invention may be referred to herein individually and / or collectively as "invention" simply for convenience and without the intention to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any invention or concept. unique inventiveness if more than one invention or concept is actually disclosed. Thus, although the specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated that any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may replace the specific embodiments shown. This presentation is meant to cover all adaptations or variations of the various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the above description. Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any arrangement that is calculated to achieve the same purpose may replace the specific embodiments shown herein. Various embodiments use permutations or combinations of embodiments described herein. It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive, and that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of the description. Combinations of the above embodiments and other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art when studying the above description. 46
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method (1211) for acquiring, processing, and controlling decompression data, comprising: determining a deformation value in a perforated portion of a well (820) by applying a set of decompressions to a surface of a well at least one perforation tunnel (300; 810) in the perforated portion, wherein the perforated portion has been modeled using constraint components provided by a global field model (100) which includes locating the well (820) to set boundary conditions (600) at a well surface (820), and wherein a well boring process (820) and a tunnel boring process (300; 810) have been modeled with removal of elements and added pressure for the perforated portion; and actuating a controlled device (1170) according to the deformation value.
    [0002]
    2. The method (1211) of claim 1, wherein actuating the controlled device (1170) further comprises: controlling a pump to adjust the deformation value. 25
    [0003]
    The method (1211) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the actuation of the controlled device (1170) comprises: the publication of the deformation value in human readable form. 30 47 3035147
    [0004]
    The method (1211) of any of claims 1 or 2, further comprising: modeling the global field (100) with the global field model (100); and computing a geoconstraint distribution in the global field (100) to generate the constraint components.
    [0005]
    The method (1211) of any one of claims 1 or 2, further comprising: simulating, with a submodel (200; 700), the well drilling process (820) by removing training elements occupying the location of wells (820); and simulating, with the submodel (200; 700), the tunnel perforation process (300; 810) by removing formation elements that occupy a location of the at least one tunnel (810) of perforation.
    [0006]
    The method (1211) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, further comprising: a first simulation of adding pressure to the well (820) using a sludge weight applied to the well surface (820); and a second simulation of adding pressure to the at least one tunnel (300; 810) of perforation using hydrocarbon fluid pressure applied to a tunnel surface (300; 810).
    [0007]
    The method (1211) according to claim 6, wherein the simulation of adding pressure to the at least one tunnel (300; 810) of perforation further comprises: the use of interstitial pressure to set a boundary condition (600) at the tunnel surface (300; 810). 5
    [0008]
    The method (1211) of any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein applying the set of draw pressures to the surface of the at least one perforation tunnel (300; 810) further comprises: the transient consolidation calculation of pressure fluid and pore pressure distribution in a submodel (200; 700) associated with the global field model (100). 15
    [0009]
    The method (1211) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the deformation comprises an equivalent plastic deformation.
    [0010]
    The method (1211) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the actuation of the controlled device (1170) further comprises: comparing the deformation as equivalent plastic deformation generated by the draw pressures equivalent plastic deformation associated with decompression sufficient to cause silting.
    [0011]
    The method (1211) according to claim 10, wherein the actuation of the controlled device (1170) further comprises: triggering an audible or visual alarm to indicate that the equivalent plastic deformation generated by the decompressions is greater than a threshold value relative to the equivalent plastic deformation associated with decompression sufficient to cause a silting. 5
    [0012]
    The method (1211) according to claim 10, wherein the equivalent plastic deformation associated with decompression sufficient to cause sanding is determined by one of the data associated with actual sanding occurring in the field (100), or by results of kernel-specific sanding tests, or by a presumed value based on experience in other locations.
    [0013]
    13. The method (1211) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the determination of the deformation further comprises: performing porous elastoplastic calculations using material parameters associated with the model (500) of global field (100) of mechanical resistance parameters of a reservoir formation in the global field (100) model (500), and interstitial pressure in the perforated section of the well (210; 820). 25
    [0014]
    The method (1211) of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein displacement restrictions derived from the overall model (500) are not applied to the well surface (210; 820) and the tunnel surface. (300; 810) perforation. 30
    [0015]
    The method (1211) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the constrained components comprise a horizontal stress and vertical stress range.
    [0016]
    The method (1211) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the determining deformation further comprises: determining an incremental plastic strain equal to a total plastic strain minus the plastic deformation generated when the Tunnel 10 (300; 810) perforation is formed.
    [0017]
    17. A logging system (1100), comprising: at least one sensor configured to provide decompression measurements in a perforated portion of a well (210; 820); and a processing unit (1102) coupled to the at least one sensor for receiving the decompression measurements, the processing unit (1102) being configured to determine the deformation in the perforated portion by applying the decompression measurements to a surface of at least one tunnel (300; 810) of perforation in the perforated portion, wherein the perforated portion has been modeled using constraint components provided by a model (500) of the overall field (100) of the geological formation which includes a well location (210; 820) for setting boundary conditions (600) at a well surface (210; 820), and wherein a well drilling process (210; 820) and a Tunnel perforation processes (300; 810) were modeled with element removal and added pressure for the perforated portion. 51 3035147
    [0018]
    The system (1100) of claim 17, further comprising: a pump controlled to operate in response to the deformation determined by the processing unit (1102), to control a hydrocarbon extraction rate from the geological formation.
    [0019]
    The system (1100) according to any one of claims 17 or 18, further comprising an alarm 10 for indicating values of the deformation above a selected threshold.
    [0020]
    20. The system (1100) of any one of claims 17 or 18, further comprising: a monitor for indicating transitions between selected ranges of deformation.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    GB201714863D0|2017-11-01|
    WO2016167799A1|2016-10-20|
    US20170342821A1|2017-11-30|
    CA2979330A1|2016-10-20|
    AR103819A1|2017-06-07|
    CA2979330C|2019-06-18|
    FR3035147B1|2018-10-12|
    GB2552609A|2018-01-31|
    US10428641B2|2019-10-01|
    AU2015391027A1|2017-10-05|
    NO20171557A1|2017-09-29|
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    法律状态:
    2017-01-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-01-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-03-16| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20180316 |
    2019-01-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-12-18| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20201110 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/US2015/026423|WO2016167799A1|2015-04-17|2015-04-17|Draw-down pressure apparatus, systems, and methods|
    IBWOUS2015026423|2015-04-17|
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